Three probability distributions will be used in this course. Different textbooks use different methods to construct these tables. To avoid confusion, I create the following distribution tables using the same methods as used in Navidi’s textbook.
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0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-3.0 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0.0012 | 0.0012 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0010 | 0.0010 |
-2.9 | 0.0019 | 0.0018 | 0.0018 | 0.0017 | 0.0016 | 0.0016 | 0.0015 | 0.0015 | 0.0014 | 0.0014 |
-2.8 | 0.0026 | 0.0025 | 0.0024 | 0.0023 | 0.0023 | 0.0022 | 0.0021 | 0.0021 | 0.0020 | 0.0019 |
-2.7 | 0.0035 | 0.0034 | 0.0033 | 0.0032 | 0.0031 | 0.0030 | 0.0029 | 0.0028 | 0.0027 | 0.0026 |
-2.6 | 0.0047 | 0.0045 | 0.0044 | 0.0043 | 0.0041 | 0.0040 | 0.0039 | 0.0038 | 0.0037 | 0.0036 |
-2.5 | 0.0062 | 0.0060 | 0.0059 | 0.0057 | 0.0055 | 0.0054 | 0.0052 | 0.0051 | 0.0049 | 0.0048 |
-2.4 | 0.0082 | 0.0080 | 0.0078 | 0.0075 | 0.0073 | 0.0071 | 0.0069 | 0.0068 | 0.0066 | 0.0064 |
-2.3 | 0.0107 | 0.0104 | 0.0102 | 0.0099 | 0.0096 | 0.0094 | 0.0091 | 0.0089 | 0.0087 | 0.0084 |
-2.2 | 0.0139 | 0.0136 | 0.0132 | 0.0129 | 0.0125 | 0.0122 | 0.0119 | 0.0116 | 0.0113 | 0.0110 |
-2.1 | 0.0179 | 0.0174 | 0.0170 | 0.0166 | 0.0162 | 0.0158 | 0.0154 | 0.0150 | 0.0146 | 0.0143 |
-2.0 | 0.0228 | 0.0222 | 0.0217 | 0.0212 | 0.0207 | 0.0202 | 0.0197 | 0.0192 | 0.0188 | 0.0183 |
-1.9 | 0.0287 | 0.0281 | 0.0274 | 0.0268 | 0.0262 | 0.0256 | 0.0250 | 0.0244 | 0.0239 | 0.0233 |
-1.8 | 0.0359 | 0.0351 | 0.0344 | 0.0336 | 0.0329 | 0.0322 | 0.0314 | 0.0307 | 0.0301 | 0.0294 |
-1.7 | 0.0446 | 0.0436 | 0.0427 | 0.0418 | 0.0409 | 0.0401 | 0.0392 | 0.0384 | 0.0375 | 0.0367 |
-1.6 | 0.0548 | 0.0537 | 0.0526 | 0.0516 | 0.0505 | 0.0495 | 0.0485 | 0.0475 | 0.0465 | 0.0455 |
-1.5 | 0.0668 | 0.0655 | 0.0643 | 0.0630 | 0.0618 | 0.0606 | 0.0594 | 0.0582 | 0.0571 | 0.0559 |
-1.4 | 0.0808 | 0.0793 | 0.0778 | 0.0764 | 0.0749 | 0.0735 | 0.0721 | 0.0708 | 0.0694 | 0.0681 |
-1.3 | 0.0968 | 0.0951 | 0.0934 | 0.0918 | 0.0901 | 0.0885 | 0.0869 | 0.0853 | 0.0838 | 0.0823 |
-1.2 | 0.1151 | 0.1131 | 0.1112 | 0.1093 | 0.1075 | 0.1056 | 0.1038 | 0.1020 | 0.1003 | 0.0985 |
-1.1 | 0.1357 | 0.1335 | 0.1314 | 0.1292 | 0.1271 | 0.1251 | 0.1230 | 0.1210 | 0.1190 | 0.1170 |
-1.0 | 0.1587 | 0.1562 | 0.1539 | 0.1515 | 0.1492 | 0.1469 | 0.1446 | 0.1423 | 0.1401 | 0.1379 |
-0.9 | 0.1841 | 0.1814 | 0.1788 | 0.1762 | 0.1736 | 0.1711 | 0.1685 | 0.1660 | 0.1635 | 0.1611 |
-0.8 | 0.2119 | 0.2090 | 0.2061 | 0.2033 | 0.2005 | 0.1977 | 0.1949 | 0.1922 | 0.1894 | 0.1867 |
-0.7 | 0.2420 | 0.2389 | 0.2358 | 0.2327 | 0.2296 | 0.2266 | 0.2236 | 0.2206 | 0.2177 | 0.2148 |
-0.6 | 0.2743 | 0.2709 | 0.2676 | 0.2643 | 0.2611 | 0.2578 | 0.2546 | 0.2514 | 0.2483 | 0.2451 |
-0.5 | 0.3085 | 0.3050 | 0.3015 | 0.2981 | 0.2946 | 0.2912 | 0.2877 | 0.2843 | 0.2810 | 0.2776 |
-0.4 | 0.3446 | 0.3409 | 0.3372 | 0.3336 | 0.3300 | 0.3264 | 0.3228 | 0.3192 | 0.3156 | 0.3121 |
-0.3 | 0.3821 | 0.3783 | 0.3745 | 0.3707 | 0.3669 | 0.3632 | 0.3594 | 0.3557 | 0.3520 | 0.3483 |
-0.2 | 0.4207 | 0.4168 | 0.4129 | 0.4090 | 0.4052 | 0.4013 | 0.3974 | 0.3936 | 0.3897 | 0.3859 |
-0.1 | 0.4602 | 0.4562 | 0.4522 | 0.4483 | 0.4443 | 0.4404 | 0.4364 | 0.4325 | 0.4286 | 0.4247 |
0.0 | 0.5000 | 0.4960 | 0.4920 | 0.4880 | 0.4840 | 0.4801 | 0.4761 | 0.4721 | 0.4681 | 0.4641 |
0.0 | 0.5000 | 0.5040 | 0.5080 | 0.5120 | 0.5160 | 0.5199 | 0.5239 | 0.5279 | 0.5319 | 0.5359 |
0.1 | 0.5398 | 0.5438 | 0.5478 | 0.5517 | 0.5557 | 0.5596 | 0.5636 | 0.5675 | 0.5714 | 0.5753 |
0.2 | 0.5793 | 0.5832 | 0.5871 | 0.5910 | 0.5948 | 0.5987 | 0.6026 | 0.6064 | 0.6103 | 0.6141 |
0.3 | 0.6179 | 0.6217 | 0.6255 | 0.6293 | 0.6331 | 0.6368 | 0.6406 | 0.6443 | 0.6480 | 0.6517 |
0.4 | 0.6554 | 0.6591 | 0.6628 | 0.6664 | 0.6700 | 0.6736 | 0.6772 | 0.6808 | 0.6844 | 0.6879 |
0.5 | 0.6915 | 0.6950 | 0.6985 | 0.7019 | 0.7054 | 0.7088 | 0.7123 | 0.7157 | 0.7190 | 0.7224 |
0.6 | 0.7257 | 0.7291 | 0.7324 | 0.7357 | 0.7389 | 0.7422 | 0.7454 | 0.7486 | 0.7517 | 0.7549 |
0.7 | 0.7580 | 0.7611 | 0.7642 | 0.7673 | 0.7704 | 0.7734 | 0.7764 | 0.7794 | 0.7823 | 0.7852 |
0.8 | 0.7881 | 0.7910 | 0.7939 | 0.7967 | 0.7995 | 0.8023 | 0.8051 | 0.8078 | 0.8106 | 0.8133 |
0.9 | 0.8159 | 0.8186 | 0.8212 | 0.8238 | 0.8264 | 0.8289 | 0.8315 | 0.8340 | 0.8365 | 0.8389 |
1.0 | 0.8413 | 0.8438 | 0.8461 | 0.8485 | 0.8508 | 0.8531 | 0.8554 | 0.8577 | 0.8599 | 0.8621 |
1.1 | 0.8643 | 0.8665 | 0.8686 | 0.8708 | 0.8729 | 0.8749 | 0.8770 | 0.8790 | 0.8810 | 0.8830 |
1.2 | 0.8849 | 0.8869 | 0.8888 | 0.8907 | 0.8925 | 0.8944 | 0.8962 | 0.8980 | 0.8997 | 0.9015 |
1.3 | 0.9032 | 0.9049 | 0.9066 | 0.9082 | 0.9099 | 0.9115 | 0.9131 | 0.9147 | 0.9162 | 0.9177 |
1.4 | 0.9192 | 0.9207 | 0.9222 | 0.9236 | 0.9251 | 0.9265 | 0.9279 | 0.9292 | 0.9306 | 0.9319 |
1.5 | 0.9332 | 0.9345 | 0.9357 | 0.9370 | 0.9382 | 0.9394 | 0.9406 | 0.9418 | 0.9429 | 0.9441 |
1.6 | 0.9452 | 0.9463 | 0.9474 | 0.9484 | 0.9495 | 0.9505 | 0.9515 | 0.9525 | 0.9535 | 0.9545 |
1.7 | 0.9554 | 0.9564 | 0.9573 | 0.9582 | 0.9591 | 0.9599 | 0.9608 | 0.9616 | 0.9625 | 0.9633 |
1.8 | 0.9641 | 0.9649 | 0.9656 | 0.9664 | 0.9671 | 0.9678 | 0.9686 | 0.9693 | 0.9699 | 0.9706 |
1.9 | 0.9713 | 0.9719 | 0.9726 | 0.9732 | 0.9738 | 0.9744 | 0.9750 | 0.9756 | 0.9761 | 0.9767 |
2.0 | 0.9772 | 0.9778 | 0.9783 | 0.9788 | 0.9793 | 0.9798 | 0.9803 | 0.9808 | 0.9812 | 0.9817 |
2.1 | 0.9821 | 0.9826 | 0.9830 | 0.9834 | 0.9838 | 0.9842 | 0.9846 | 0.9850 | 0.9854 | 0.9857 |
2.2 | 0.9861 | 0.9864 | 0.9868 | 0.9871 | 0.9875 | 0.9878 | 0.9881 | 0.9884 | 0.9887 | 0.9890 |
2.3 | 0.9893 | 0.9896 | 0.9898 | 0.9901 | 0.9904 | 0.9906 | 0.9909 | 0.9911 | 0.9913 | 0.9916 |
2.4 | 0.9918 | 0.9920 | 0.9922 | 0.9925 | 0.9927 | 0.9929 | 0.9931 | 0.9932 | 0.9934 | 0.9936 |
2.5 | 0.9938 | 0.9940 | 0.9941 | 0.9943 | 0.9945 | 0.9946 | 0.9948 | 0.9949 | 0.9951 | 0.9952 |
2.6 | 0.9953 | 0.9955 | 0.9956 | 0.9957 | 0.9959 | 0.9960 | 0.9961 | 0.9962 | 0.9963 | 0.9964 |
2.7 | 0.9965 | 0.9966 | 0.9967 | 0.9968 | 0.9969 | 0.9970 | 0.9971 | 0.9972 | 0.9973 | 0.9974 |
2.8 | 0.9974 | 0.9975 | 0.9976 | 0.9977 | 0.9977 | 0.9978 | 0.9979 | 0.9979 | 0.9980 | 0.9981 |
2.9 | 0.9981 | 0.9982 | 0.9982 | 0.9983 | 0.9984 | 0.9984 | 0.9985 | 0.9985 | 0.9986 | 0.9986 |
3.0 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9988 | 0.9988 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9990 | 0.9990 |
Unlike the normal table that contains probabilities in the main body of the table, t distribution givens the quantiles based on select degrees of freedom and right tail probabilities.
d.f | 0.4000 | 0.2500 | 0.1000 | 0.0500 | 0.0250 | 0.0100 | 0.0050 | 0.0025 | 0.0010 | 0.0005 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.3249 | 1.0000 | 3.078 | 6.314 | 12.706 | 31.820 | 63.657 | 127.321 | 318.309 | 636.619 |
2 | 0.2887 | 0.8165 | 1.886 | 2.920 | 4.303 | 6.965 | 9.925 | 14.089 | 22.327 | 31.599 |
3 | 0.2767 | 0.7649 | 1.638 | 2.353 | 3.182 | 4.541 | 5.841 | 7.453 | 10.214 | 12.924 |
4 | 0.2707 | 0.7407 | 1.533 | 2.132 | 2.776 | 3.747 | 4.604 | 5.598 | 7.173 | 8.610 |
5 | 0.2672 | 0.7267 | 1.476 | 2.015 | 2.571 | 3.365 | 4.032 | 4.773 | 5.893 | 6.869 |
6 | 0.2648 | 0.7176 | 1.440 | 1.943 | 2.447 | 3.143 | 3.707 | 4.317 | 5.208 | 5.959 |
7 | 0.2632 | 0.7111 | 1.415 | 1.895 | 2.365 | 2.998 | 3.499 | 4.029 | 4.785 | 5.408 |
8 | 0.2619 | 0.7064 | 1.397 | 1.859 | 2.306 | 2.897 | 3.355 | 3.833 | 4.501 | 5.041 |
9 | 0.2610 | 0.7027 | 1.383 | 1.833 | 2.262 | 2.821 | 3.250 | 3.690 | 4.297 | 4.781 |
10 | 0.2602 | 0.6998 | 1.372 | 1.812 | 2.228 | 2.764 | 3.169 | 3.581 | 4.144 | 4.587 |
11 | 0.2596 | 0.6974 | 1.363 | 1.796 | 2.201 | 2.718 | 3.106 | 3.497 | 4.025 | 4.437 |
12 | 0.2590 | 0.6955 | 1.356 | 1.782 | 2.179 | 2.681 | 3.054 | 3.428 | 3.930 | 4.318 |
13 | 0.2586 | 0.6938 | 1.350 | 1.771 | 2.160 | 2.650 | 3.012 | 3.373 | 3.852 | 4.221 |
14 | 0.2582 | 0.6924 | 1.345 | 1.761 | 2.145 | 2.624 | 2.977 | 3.326 | 3.787 | 4.141 |
15 | 0.2579 | 0.6912 | 1.341 | 1.753 | 2.131 | 2.603 | 2.947 | 3.286 | 3.733 | 4.073 |
16 | 0.2576 | 0.6901 | 1.337 | 1.746 | 2.120 | 2.583 | 2.921 | 3.252 | 3.686 | 4.015 |
17 | 0.2573 | 0.6892 | 1.333 | 1.740 | 2.110 | 2.567 | 2.898 | 3.222 | 3.646 | 3.965 |
18 | 0.2571 | 0.6884 | 1.330 | 1.734 | 2.101 | 2.552 | 2.878 | 3.197 | 3.611 | 3.922 |
19 | 0.2569 | 0.6876 | 1.328 | 1.729 | 2.093 | 2.539 | 2.861 | 3.174 | 3.579 | 3.883 |
20 | 0.2567 | 0.6870 | 1.325 | 1.725 | 2.086 | 2.528 | 2.845 | 3.153 | 3.552 | 3.849 |
21 | 0.2566 | 0.6864 | 1.323 | 1.721 | 2.080 | 2.518 | 2.831 | 3.135 | 3.527 | 3.819 |
22 | 0.2564 | 0.6858 | 1.321 | 1.717 | 2.074 | 2.508 | 2.819 | 3.119 | 3.505 | 3.792 |
23 | 0.2563 | 0.6853 | 1.319 | 1.714 | 2.069 | 2.500 | 2.807 | 3.104 | 3.485 | 3.768 |
24 | 0.2562 | 0.6848 | 1.318 | 1.711 | 2.064 | 2.492 | 2.797 | 3.091 | 3.467 | 3.745 |
25 | 0.2561 | 0.6844 | 1.316 | 1.708 | 2.059 | 2.485 | 2.787 | 3.078 | 3.450 | 3.725 |
26 | 0.2560 | 0.6840 | 1.315 | 1.706 | 2.055 | 2.479 | 2.779 | 3.067 | 3.435 | 3.707 |
27 | 0.2559 | 0.6837 | 1.314 | 1.703 | 2.052 | 2.473 | 2.771 | 3.057 | 3.421 | 3.690 |
28 | 0.2558 | 0.6834 | 1.312 | 1.701 | 2.048 | 2.467 | 2.763 | 3.047 | 3.408 | 3.674 |
29 | 0.2557 | 0.6830 | 1.311 | 1.699 | 2.045 | 2.462 | 2.756 | 3.038 | 3.396 | 3.659 |
30 | 0.2556 | 0.6828 | 1.310 | 1.697 | 2.042 | 2.457 | 2.750 | 3.030 | 3.385 | 3.646 |
31 | 0.2555 | 0.6825 | 1.310 | 1.696 | 2.039 | 2.453 | 2.744 | 3.022 | 3.375 | 3.634 |
32 | 0.2555 | 0.6822 | 1.309 | 1.694 | 2.037 | 2.449 | 2.739 | 3.015 | 3.365 | 3.622 |
33 | 0.2554 | 0.6820 | 1.308 | 1.692 | 2.034 | 2.445 | 2.733 | 3.008 | 3.356 | 3.611 |
34 | 0.2553 | 0.6818 | 1.307 | 1.691 | 2.032 | 2.441 | 2.728 | 3.002 | 3.348 | 3.601 |
35 | 0.2553 | 0.6816 | 1.306 | 1.690 | 2.030 | 2.438 | 2.724 | 2.996 | 3.340 | 3.591 |
36 | 0.2552 | 0.6814 | 1.306 | 1.688 | 2.028 | 2.434 | 2.720 | 2.990 | 3.333 | 3.582 |
37 | 0.2552 | 0.6812 | 1.305 | 1.687 | 2.026 | 2.431 | 2.715 | 2.985 | 3.326 | 3.574 |
38 | 0.2551 | 0.6810 | 1.304 | 1.686 | 2.024 | 2.429 | 2.712 | 2.980 | 3.319 | 3.566 |
39 | 0.2551 | 0.6808 | 1.304 | 1.685 | 2.023 | 2.426 | 2.708 | 2.976 | 3.313 | 3.558 |
40 | 0.2550 | 0.6807 | 1.303 | 1.684 | 2.021 | 2.423 | 2.704 | 2.971 | 3.307 | 3.551 |
41 | 0.2550 | 0.6805 | 1.302 | 1.683 | 2.019 | 2.421 | 2.701 | 2.967 | 3.301 | 3.544 |
42 | 0.2550 | 0.6804 | 1.302 | 1.682 | 2.018 | 2.418 | 2.698 | 2.963 | 3.296 | 3.538 |
43 | 0.2549 | 0.6802 | 1.302 | 1.681 | 2.017 | 2.416 | 2.695 | 2.959 | 3.291 | 3.532 |
44 | 0.2549 | 0.6801 | 1.301 | 1.680 | 2.015 | 2.414 | 2.692 | 2.955 | 3.286 | 3.526 |
45 | 0.2549 | 0.6800 | 1.301 | 1.679 | 2.014 | 2.412 | 2.690 | 2.952 | 3.281 | 3.520 |
46 | 0.2548 | 0.6799 | 1.300 | 1.679 | 2.013 | 2.410 | 2.687 | 2.949 | 3.277 | 3.515 |
47 | 0.2548 | 0.6797 | 1.300 | 1.678 | 2.012 | 2.408 | 2.685 | 2.946 | 3.273 | 3.510 |
48 | 0.2548 | 0.6796 | 1.299 | 1.677 | 2.011 | 2.407 | 2.682 | 2.943 | 3.269 | 3.505 |
49 | 0.2547 | 0.6795 | 1.299 | 1.677 | 2.010 | 2.405 | 2.680 | 2.940 | 3.265 | 3.500 |
50 | 0.2547 | 0.6794 | 1.299 | 1.676 | 2.009 | 2.403 | 2.678 | 2.937 | 3.261 | 3.496 |
51 | 0.2547 | 0.6793 | 1.298 | 1.675 | 2.008 | 2.402 | 2.676 | 2.934 | 3.258 | 3.492 |
52 | 0.2546 | 0.6792 | 1.298 | 1.675 | 2.007 | 2.400 | 2.674 | 2.932 | 3.255 | 3.488 |
53 | 0.2546 | 0.6791 | 1.298 | 1.674 | 2.006 | 2.399 | 2.672 | 2.929 | 3.251 | 3.484 |
54 | 0.2546 | 0.6791 | 1.297 | 1.674 | 2.005 | 2.397 | 2.670 | 2.927 | 3.248 | 3.480 |
55 | 0.2546 | 0.6790 | 1.297 | 1.673 | 2.004 | 2.396 | 2.668 | 2.925 | 3.245 | 3.476 |
56 | 0.2546 | 0.6789 | 1.297 | 1.673 | 2.003 | 2.395 | 2.667 | 2.922 | 3.242 | 3.473 |
57 | 0.2545 | 0.6788 | 1.297 | 1.672 | 2.002 | 2.394 | 2.665 | 2.920 | 3.240 | 3.470 |
58 | 0.2545 | 0.6787 | 1.296 | 1.672 | 2.002 | 2.392 | 2.663 | 2.918 | 3.237 | 3.466 |
59 | 0.2545 | 0.6787 | 1.296 | 1.671 | 2.001 | 2.391 | 2.662 | 2.916 | 3.234 | 3.463 |
60 | 0.2545 | 0.6786 | 1.296 | 1.671 | 2.000 | 2.390 | 2.660 | 2.915 | 3.232 | 3.460 |
61 | 0.2545 | 0.6785 | 1.296 | 1.670 | 2.000 | 2.389 | 2.659 | 2.913 | 3.229 | 3.457 |
62 | 0.2544 | 0.6785 | 1.295 | 1.670 | 1.999 | 2.388 | 2.658 | 2.911 | 3.227 | 3.454 |
63 | 0.2544 | 0.6784 | 1.295 | 1.669 | 1.998 | 2.387 | 2.656 | 2.909 | 3.225 | 3.452 |
64 | 0.2544 | 0.6783 | 1.295 | 1.669 | 1.998 | 2.386 | 2.655 | 2.908 | 3.223 | 3.449 |
65 | 0.2544 | 0.6783 | 1.295 | 1.669 | 1.997 | 2.385 | 2.654 | 2.906 | 3.220 | 3.447 |
66 | 0.2544 | 0.6782 | 1.294 | 1.668 | 1.997 | 2.384 | 2.652 | 2.905 | 3.218 | 3.444 |
67 | 0.2544 | 0.6782 | 1.294 | 1.668 | 1.996 | 2.383 | 2.651 | 2.903 | 3.216 | 3.442 |
68 | 0.2543 | 0.6781 | 1.294 | 1.668 | 1.996 | 2.382 | 2.650 | 2.901 | 3.215 | 3.439 |
69 | 0.2543 | 0.6781 | 1.294 | 1.667 | 1.995 | 2.382 | 2.649 | 2.900 | 3.213 | 3.437 |
70 | 0.2543 | 0.6780 | 1.294 | 1.667 | 1.994 | 2.381 | 2.648 | 2.899 | 3.211 | 3.435 |
71 | 0.2543 | 0.6780 | 1.294 | 1.667 | 1.994 | 2.380 | 2.647 | 2.897 | 3.209 | 3.433 |
72 | 0.2543 | 0.6779 | 1.293 | 1.666 | 1.994 | 2.379 | 2.646 | 2.896 | 3.207 | 3.431 |
73 | 0.2543 | 0.6779 | 1.293 | 1.666 | 1.993 | 2.378 | 2.645 | 2.895 | 3.206 | 3.429 |
74 | 0.2543 | 0.6778 | 1.293 | 1.666 | 1.992 | 2.378 | 2.644 | 2.894 | 3.204 | 3.427 |
75 | 0.2542 | 0.6778 | 1.293 | 1.665 | 1.992 | 2.377 | 2.643 | 2.892 | 3.203 | 3.425 |
76 | 0.2542 | 0.6777 | 1.293 | 1.665 | 1.992 | 2.376 | 2.642 | 2.891 | 3.201 | 3.423 |
77 | 0.2542 | 0.6777 | 1.293 | 1.665 | 1.991 | 2.376 | 2.641 | 2.890 | 3.200 | 3.421 |
78 | 0.2542 | 0.6776 | 1.292 | 1.665 | 1.991 | 2.375 | 2.640 | 2.889 | 3.198 | 3.420 |
79 | 0.2542 | 0.6776 | 1.292 | 1.664 | 1.990 | 2.374 | 2.639 | 2.888 | 3.197 | 3.418 |
80 | 0.2542 | 0.6776 | 1.292 | 1.664 | 1.990 | 2.374 | 2.639 | 2.887 | 3.195 | 3.416 |
81 | 0.2542 | 0.6775 | 1.292 | 1.664 | 1.990 | 2.373 | 2.638 | 2.886 | 3.194 | 3.415 |
82 | 0.2542 | 0.6775 | 1.292 | 1.664 | 1.989 | 2.373 | 2.637 | 2.885 | 3.193 | 3.413 |
83 | 0.2542 | 0.6775 | 1.292 | 1.663 | 1.989 | 2.372 | 2.636 | 2.884 | 3.191 | 3.412 |
84 | 0.2542 | 0.6774 | 1.292 | 1.663 | 1.989 | 2.372 | 2.636 | 2.883 | 3.190 | 3.410 |
85 | 0.2541 | 0.6774 | 1.292 | 1.663 | 1.988 | 2.371 | 2.635 | 2.882 | 3.189 | 3.409 |
86 | 0.2541 | 0.6774 | 1.292 | 1.663 | 1.988 | 2.370 | 2.634 | 2.881 | 3.188 | 3.407 |
87 | 0.2541 | 0.6773 | 1.291 | 1.663 | 1.988 | 2.370 | 2.634 | 2.880 | 3.187 | 3.406 |
88 | 0.2541 | 0.6773 | 1.291 | 1.662 | 1.987 | 2.369 | 2.633 | 2.880 | 3.185 | 3.405 |
89 | 0.2541 | 0.6773 | 1.291 | 1.662 | 1.987 | 2.369 | 2.632 | 2.879 | 3.184 | 3.403 |
90 | 0.2541 | 0.6772 | 1.291 | 1.662 | 1.987 | 2.369 | 2.632 | 2.878 | 3.183 | 3.402 |
91 | 0.2541 | 0.6772 | 1.291 | 1.662 | 1.986 | 2.368 | 2.631 | 2.877 | 3.182 | 3.401 |
92 | 0.2541 | 0.6772 | 1.291 | 1.662 | 1.986 | 2.368 | 2.630 | 2.876 | 3.181 | 3.399 |
93 | 0.2541 | 0.6771 | 1.291 | 1.661 | 1.986 | 2.367 | 2.630 | 2.876 | 3.180 | 3.398 |
94 | 0.2541 | 0.6771 | 1.291 | 1.661 | 1.986 | 2.367 | 2.629 | 2.875 | 3.179 | 3.397 |
95 | 0.2541 | 0.6771 | 1.290 | 1.661 | 1.985 | 2.366 | 2.629 | 2.874 | 3.178 | 3.396 |
96 | 0.2541 | 0.6771 | 1.290 | 1.661 | 1.985 | 2.366 | 2.628 | 2.873 | 3.177 | 3.395 |
97 | 0.2540 | 0.6770 | 1.290 | 1.661 | 1.985 | 2.365 | 2.627 | 2.873 | 3.176 | 3.394 |
98 | 0.2540 | 0.6770 | 1.290 | 1.661 | 1.984 | 2.365 | 2.627 | 2.872 | 3.175 | 3.393 |
99 | 0.2540 | 0.6770 | 1.290 | 1.660 | 1.984 | 2.365 | 2.626 | 2.871 | 3.175 | 3.392 |
100 | 0.2540 | 0.6770 | 1.290 | 1.660 | 1.984 | 2.364 | 2.626 | 2.871 | 3.174 | 3.390 |
This \(\chi^2\) distribution table will be used for the hypothesis of independence test and the goodness of fit in last part of this course. The structure of this \(\chi^2\) is similar to that of the t-table. The main body has quantiles calculated based on various degrees of freedom and the right tail probability as used in Navidi’s textbook.
d.f | 0.9950 | 0.9900 | 0.9750 | 0.9500 | 0.9000 | 0.1000 | 0.0500 | 0.0250 | 0.0100 | 0.0050 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0010 | 0.0039 | 0.0158 | 2.705 | 3.841 | 5.024 | 6.635 | 7.879 |
2 | 0.0100 | 0.0201 | 0.0506 | 0.1026 | 0.2107 | 4.605 | 5.992 | 7.378 | 9.210 | 10.597 |
3 | 0.0717 | 0.1148 | 0.2158 | 0.3518 | 0.5844 | 6.251 | 7.815 | 9.348 | 11.345 | 12.838 |
4 | 0.2070 | 0.2971 | 0.4844 | 0.7107 | 1.0636 | 7.779 | 9.488 | 11.143 | 13.277 | 14.860 |
5 | 0.4117 | 0.5543 | 0.8312 | 1.1455 | 1.6103 | 9.236 | 11.070 | 12.832 | 15.086 | 16.750 |
6 | 0.6757 | 0.8721 | 1.2373 | 1.6354 | 2.2041 | 10.645 | 12.592 | 14.449 | 16.812 | 18.548 |
7 | 0.9893 | 1.2390 | 1.6899 | 2.1673 | 2.8331 | 12.017 | 14.067 | 16.013 | 18.475 | 20.278 |
8 | 1.3444 | 1.6465 | 2.1797 | 2.7326 | 3.4895 | 13.362 | 15.507 | 17.535 | 20.090 | 21.955 |
9 | 1.7349 | 2.0879 | 2.7004 | 3.3251 | 4.1682 | 14.684 | 16.919 | 19.023 | 21.666 | 23.589 |
10 | 2.1559 | 2.5582 | 3.2470 | 3.9403 | 4.8652 | 15.987 | 18.307 | 20.483 | 23.209 | 25.188 |
11 | 2.6032 | 3.0535 | 3.8157 | 4.5748 | 5.5778 | 17.275 | 19.675 | 21.920 | 24.725 | 26.757 |
12 | 3.0738 | 3.5706 | 4.4038 | 5.2260 | 6.3038 | 18.549 | 21.026 | 23.337 | 26.217 | 28.299 |
13 | 3.5650 | 4.1069 | 5.0088 | 5.8919 | 7.0415 | 19.812 | 22.362 | 24.736 | 27.688 | 29.820 |
14 | 4.0747 | 4.6604 | 5.6287 | 6.5706 | 7.7895 | 21.064 | 23.685 | 26.119 | 29.141 | 31.319 |
15 | 4.6009 | 5.2293 | 6.2621 | 7.2609 | 8.5468 | 22.307 | 24.996 | 27.488 | 30.578 | 32.801 |
16 | 5.1422 | 5.8122 | 6.9077 | 7.9616 | 9.3122 | 23.542 | 26.296 | 28.845 | 32.000 | 34.267 |
17 | 5.6972 | 6.4078 | 7.5642 | 8.6718 | 10.0852 | 24.769 | 27.587 | 30.191 | 33.409 | 35.718 |
18 | 6.2648 | 7.0149 | 8.2307 | 9.3905 | 10.8649 | 25.989 | 28.869 | 31.526 | 34.805 | 37.157 |
19 | 6.8440 | 7.6327 | 8.9065 | 10.1170 | 11.6509 | 27.204 | 30.143 | 32.852 | 36.191 | 38.582 |
20 | 7.4338 | 8.2604 | 9.5908 | 10.8508 | 12.4426 | 28.412 | 31.410 | 34.170 | 37.566 | 39.997 |
21 | 8.0337 | 8.8972 | 10.2829 | 11.5913 | 13.2396 | 29.615 | 32.671 | 35.479 | 38.932 | 41.401 |
22 | 8.6427 | 9.5425 | 10.9823 | 12.3380 | 14.0415 | 30.813 | 33.924 | 36.781 | 40.289 | 42.796 |
23 | 9.2604 | 10.1957 | 11.6886 | 13.0905 | 14.8480 | 32.007 | 35.172 | 38.076 | 41.638 | 44.181 |
24 | 9.8862 | 10.8564 | 12.4012 | 13.8484 | 15.6587 | 33.196 | 36.415 | 39.364 | 42.980 | 45.559 |
25 | 10.5197 | 11.5240 | 13.1197 | 14.6114 | 16.4734 | 34.382 | 37.653 | 40.647 | 44.314 | 46.928 |
26 | 11.1602 | 12.1981 | 13.8439 | 15.3792 | 17.2919 | 35.563 | 38.885 | 41.923 | 45.642 | 48.290 |
27 | 11.8076 | 12.8785 | 14.5734 | 16.1514 | 18.1139 | 36.741 | 40.113 | 43.194 | 46.963 | 49.645 |
28 | 12.4613 | 13.5647 | 15.3079 | 16.9279 | 18.9392 | 37.916 | 41.337 | 44.461 | 48.278 | 50.993 |
29 | 13.1211 | 14.2565 | 16.0471 | 17.7084 | 19.7677 | 39.087 | 42.557 | 45.722 | 49.588 | 52.336 |
30 | 13.7867 | 14.9535 | 16.7908 | 18.4927 | 20.5992 | 40.256 | 43.773 | 46.979 | 50.892 | 53.672 |
31 | 14.4578 | 15.6555 | 17.5387 | 19.2806 | 21.4336 | 41.422 | 44.985 | 48.232 | 52.191 | 55.003 |
32 | 15.1340 | 16.3622 | 18.2908 | 20.0719 | 22.2706 | 42.585 | 46.194 | 49.480 | 53.486 | 56.328 |
33 | 15.8153 | 17.0735 | 19.0467 | 20.8665 | 23.1102 | 43.745 | 47.400 | 50.725 | 54.776 | 57.648 |
34 | 16.5013 | 17.7891 | 19.8063 | 21.6643 | 23.9523 | 44.903 | 48.602 | 51.966 | 56.061 | 58.964 |
35 | 17.1918 | 18.5089 | 20.5694 | 22.4650 | 24.7967 | 46.059 | 49.802 | 53.203 | 57.342 | 60.275 |
36 | 17.8867 | 19.2327 | 21.3359 | 23.2686 | 25.6433 | 47.212 | 50.998 | 54.437 | 58.619 | 61.581 |
37 | 18.5858 | 19.9602 | 22.1056 | 24.0749 | 26.4921 | 48.363 | 52.192 | 55.668 | 59.892 | 62.883 |
38 | 19.2889 | 20.6914 | 22.8785 | 24.8839 | 27.3430 | 49.513 | 53.383 | 56.895 | 61.162 | 64.181 |
39 | 19.9959 | 21.4262 | 23.6543 | 25.6954 | 28.1958 | 50.660 | 54.572 | 58.120 | 62.428 | 65.476 |
40 | 20.7065 | 22.1643 | 24.4330 | 26.5093 | 29.0505 | 51.805 | 55.758 | 59.342 | 63.691 | 66.766 |
41 | 21.4208 | 22.9056 | 25.2145 | 27.3256 | 29.9071 | 52.949 | 56.942 | 60.561 | 64.950 | 68.053 |
42 | 22.1385 | 23.6501 | 25.9987 | 28.1440 | 30.7654 | 54.090 | 58.124 | 61.777 | 66.206 | 69.336 |
43 | 22.8595 | 24.3976 | 26.7854 | 28.9647 | 31.6255 | 55.230 | 59.303 | 62.990 | 67.459 | 70.616 |
44 | 23.5837 | 25.1480 | 27.5746 | 29.7875 | 32.4871 | 56.368 | 60.481 | 64.201 | 68.710 | 71.893 |
45 | 24.3110 | 25.9013 | 28.3662 | 30.6123 | 33.3504 | 57.505 | 61.656 | 65.410 | 69.957 | 73.166 |
46 | 25.0413 | 26.6572 | 29.1601 | 31.4390 | 34.2152 | 58.641 | 62.830 | 66.617 | 71.201 | 74.436 |
47 | 25.7746 | 27.4158 | 29.9562 | 32.2676 | 35.0814 | 59.774 | 64.001 | 67.821 | 72.443 | 75.704 |
48 | 26.5106 | 28.1770 | 30.7545 | 33.0981 | 35.9491 | 60.907 | 65.171 | 69.023 | 73.683 | 76.969 |
49 | 27.2493 | 28.9406 | 31.5549 | 33.9303 | 36.8182 | 62.038 | 66.339 | 70.222 | 74.919 | 78.231 |
50 | 27.9907 | 29.7067 | 32.3574 | 34.7643 | 37.6886 | 63.167 | 67.505 | 71.420 | 76.154 | 79.490 |
51 | 28.7347 | 30.4750 | 33.1618 | 35.5999 | 38.5604 | 64.295 | 68.669 | 72.616 | 77.386 | 80.747 |
52 | 29.4812 | 31.2457 | 33.9681 | 36.4371 | 39.4334 | 65.422 | 69.832 | 73.810 | 78.616 | 82.001 |
53 | 30.2300 | 32.0185 | 34.7763 | 37.2759 | 40.3076 | 66.548 | 70.993 | 75.002 | 79.843 | 83.253 |
54 | 30.9813 | 32.7934 | 35.5863 | 38.1162 | 41.1830 | 67.673 | 72.153 | 76.192 | 81.069 | 84.502 |
55 | 31.7348 | 33.5705 | 36.3981 | 38.9580 | 42.0596 | 68.796 | 73.311 | 77.380 | 82.292 | 85.749 |
56 | 32.4905 | 34.3495 | 37.2116 | 39.8013 | 42.9373 | 69.918 | 74.468 | 78.567 | 83.513 | 86.994 |
57 | 33.2484 | 35.1305 | 38.0267 | 40.6459 | 43.8161 | 71.040 | 75.624 | 79.752 | 84.733 | 88.236 |
58 | 34.0084 | 35.9135 | 38.8435 | 41.4920 | 44.6960 | 72.160 | 76.778 | 80.936 | 85.950 | 89.477 |
59 | 34.7704 | 36.6982 | 39.6619 | 42.3393 | 45.5770 | 73.279 | 77.930 | 82.117 | 87.166 | 90.715 |
60 | 35.5345 | 37.4849 | 40.4817 | 43.1880 | 46.4589 | 74.397 | 79.082 | 83.298 | 88.379 | 91.952 |
61 | 36.3005 | 38.2732 | 41.3031 | 44.0379 | 47.3418 | 75.514 | 80.232 | 84.476 | 89.591 | 93.186 |
62 | 37.0684 | 39.0633 | 42.1260 | 44.8890 | 48.2257 | 76.630 | 81.381 | 85.654 | 90.802 | 94.419 |
63 | 37.8382 | 39.8551 | 42.9503 | 45.7414 | 49.1105 | 77.745 | 82.529 | 86.830 | 92.010 | 95.649 |
64 | 38.6098 | 40.6486 | 43.7760 | 46.5949 | 49.9963 | 78.860 | 83.675 | 88.004 | 93.217 | 96.878 |
65 | 39.3831 | 41.4436 | 44.6030 | 47.4496 | 50.8829 | 79.973 | 84.821 | 89.177 | 94.422 | 98.105 |
66 | 40.1582 | 42.2402 | 45.4314 | 48.3054 | 51.7705 | 81.085 | 85.965 | 90.349 | 95.626 | 99.330 |
67 | 40.9350 | 43.0384 | 46.2610 | 49.1623 | 52.6588 | 82.197 | 87.108 | 91.519 | 96.828 | 100.554 |
68 | 41.7135 | 43.8380 | 47.0920 | 50.0202 | 53.5481 | 83.308 | 88.250 | 92.689 | 98.028 | 101.776 |
69 | 42.4935 | 44.6392 | 47.9242 | 50.8792 | 54.4381 | 84.418 | 89.391 | 93.856 | 99.228 | 102.996 |
70 | 43.2752 | 45.4417 | 48.7576 | 51.7393 | 55.3289 | 85.527 | 90.531 | 95.023 | 100.425 | 104.215 |
71 | 44.0584 | 46.2457 | 49.5922 | 52.6003 | 56.2206 | 86.635 | 91.670 | 96.189 | 101.621 | 105.432 |
72 | 44.8431 | 47.0510 | 50.4279 | 53.4623 | 57.1129 | 87.743 | 92.808 | 97.353 | 102.816 | 106.648 |
73 | 45.6293 | 47.8577 | 51.2648 | 54.3253 | 58.0061 | 88.850 | 93.945 | 98.516 | 104.010 | 107.862 |
74 | 46.4170 | 48.6657 | 52.1028 | 55.1892 | 58.9000 | 89.956 | 95.082 | 99.678 | 105.202 | 109.074 |
75 | 47.2060 | 49.4750 | 52.9419 | 56.0541 | 59.7946 | 91.061 | 96.217 | 100.839 | 106.393 | 110.286 |
76 | 47.9965 | 50.2856 | 53.7821 | 56.9198 | 60.6899 | 92.166 | 97.351 | 101.999 | 107.582 | 111.495 |
77 | 48.7884 | 51.0974 | 54.6234 | 57.7864 | 61.5858 | 93.270 | 98.484 | 103.158 | 108.771 | 112.704 |
78 | 49.5816 | 51.9104 | 55.4656 | 58.6539 | 62.4825 | 94.374 | 99.617 | 104.316 | 109.958 | 113.911 |
79 | 50.3761 | 52.7247 | 56.3089 | 59.5223 | 63.3799 | 95.476 | 100.749 | 105.473 | 111.144 | 115.117 |
80 | 51.1719 | 53.5401 | 57.1532 | 60.3915 | 64.2778 | 96.578 | 101.879 | 106.629 | 112.329 | 116.321 |
81 | 51.9690 | 54.3566 | 57.9984 | 61.2615 | 65.1765 | 97.680 | 103.010 | 107.783 | 113.512 | 117.524 |
82 | 52.7674 | 55.1743 | 58.8446 | 62.1323 | 66.0757 | 98.780 | 104.139 | 108.937 | 114.695 | 118.726 |
83 | 53.5669 | 55.9931 | 59.6918 | 63.0039 | 66.9756 | 99.880 | 105.267 | 110.090 | 115.876 | 119.927 |
84 | 54.3677 | 56.8130 | 60.5398 | 63.8763 | 67.8761 | 100.980 | 106.395 | 111.242 | 117.056 | 121.126 |
85 | 55.1696 | 57.6339 | 61.3888 | 64.7494 | 68.7772 | 102.079 | 107.522 | 112.393 | 118.236 | 122.325 |
86 | 55.9727 | 58.4559 | 62.2386 | 65.6233 | 69.6788 | 103.177 | 108.648 | 113.544 | 119.414 | 123.522 |
87 | 56.7769 | 59.2790 | 63.0894 | 66.4979 | 70.5810 | 104.275 | 109.773 | 114.693 | 120.591 | 124.718 |
88 | 57.5823 | 60.1030 | 63.9409 | 67.3732 | 71.4838 | 105.372 | 110.898 | 115.841 | 121.767 | 125.912 |
89 | 58.3888 | 60.9281 | 64.7934 | 68.2493 | 72.3872 | 106.469 | 112.022 | 116.989 | 122.942 | 127.106 |
90 | 59.1963 | 61.7541 | 65.6466 | 69.1260 | 73.2911 | 107.565 | 113.145 | 118.136 | 124.116 | 128.299 |
91 | 60.0049 | 62.5811 | 66.5007 | 70.0035 | 74.1955 | 108.661 | 114.268 | 119.282 | 125.290 | 129.490 |
92 | 60.8146 | 63.4090 | 67.3556 | 70.8816 | 75.1005 | 109.756 | 115.390 | 120.427 | 126.462 | 130.681 |
93 | 61.6253 | 64.2379 | 68.2112 | 71.7603 | 76.0060 | 110.850 | 116.511 | 121.572 | 127.633 | 131.871 |
94 | 62.4370 | 65.0677 | 69.0677 | 72.6398 | 76.9119 | 111.944 | 117.632 | 122.715 | 128.803 | 133.059 |
95 | 63.2496 | 65.8984 | 69.9249 | 73.5198 | 77.8184 | 113.038 | 118.752 | 123.858 | 129.973 | 134.246 |
96 | 64.0633 | 66.7299 | 70.7828 | 74.4005 | 78.7254 | 114.131 | 119.871 | 125.000 | 131.141 | 135.433 |
97 | 64.8780 | 67.5624 | 71.6415 | 75.2819 | 79.6329 | 115.223 | 120.990 | 126.141 | 132.309 | 136.619 |
98 | 65.6936 | 68.3957 | 72.5009 | 76.1638 | 80.5408 | 116.315 | 122.108 | 127.282 | 133.476 | 137.803 |
99 | 66.5101 | 69.2299 | 73.3611 | 77.0463 | 81.4493 | 117.407 | 123.225 | 128.422 | 134.642 | 138.987 |
100 | 67.3276 | 70.0649 | 74.2219 | 77.9295 | 82.3581 | 118.498 | 124.342 | 129.561 | 135.807 | 140.169 |